This is especially important in light of the declining share of advertising budgets allocated to television advertising, and a possible second wave of economic crisis. However, pay-TV, as a business model, there can be no coding channels. Therefore, a growing number of TV channels in the EU and other countries are coded. Encoding satellite - coding algorithms signal coming from television satellites located in geostationary orbit, to the receiving antenna. The main purpose of using character sets - the ability to take the audience with money for viewing encrypted channels, issuing cards under this encoding for those who want to watch these channels. In this case, the receiver must have the consumer the opportunity to work with this encoding, either directly or through CAM-modules (ie, have a slot for the card broadcaster or CI-slot for CAM-module with already inserted into the module card broadcaster). Most interesting links - paid, so they are encoded. Digital satellite broadcasting comes in several different coding systems: Viaccess, Mediaguard (SECA), Irdeto, BetaCrypt, Conax, Videoguard, Cryptoworks, Nagravision, PowerVu and others. Viaccess - very secure (in recent versions) from hacking code. Developed in France. Used by Russian company "NTV Plus", in Europe (for example, in satellites Hotbird it encoded a lot of channels). Early versions of the encoding (Viaccess 1, 2.3, 2.4) is already broken. We are actively using the new version 3.0. There is also a modification of this encoding - TPS-Crypt. Mediaguard (sometimes called Seca) - partially hacked encoding. Now is not used very often because of their exposure to hacking. The first version hacked, the second is only partially broken. Currently used a second version of the encoding (Mediaguard 2). Irdeto-encoding partially hacked. Now more often used by the second version of the encoding (Irdeto 2), for example, the company «Stargate» by satellite Express (80 gr. E). Irdeto 1 hacked, like encoding Biss, and Irdeto 2 - no. DRE-Crypt (also known as Z-Crypt) - charset telepakete "Tricolor". PowerVu - developed in the U.S., used by the military. There are almost all channels American Forces Network. Very burglar. For admission to the second program does not need a special expensive receiver. Videoguard (NDS) - one of the most protected, respectively, is costly coding system. Used in most channels of Sky. Cards designed for viewing of Sky in that character, "attached" to the receiver (ie, the other receivers other than the one where the card has been activated, it will not work). Very burglar. This system is used as a platform Viasat, which operates in Ukraine under the name Vision TV. Biss - simple encoding in which to open the channels using the receiver with built-in emulator encodings. Key length is sixteen characters, while the characters themselves are digits hexadecimal. Rosscrypt - encoding algorithm which was partially developed in the USSR (70-ies of XX century). According to some sources is converted encoding Cryptoworks. It kodiruetsya part of channels on the satellite Express AM1 (40 gr. E). Official sales are expected CAM-modules under this encoding. Very burglar. Conax - partially hacked. Cryptoworks - partially hacked. BetaSrypt - Variety Irdeto. Hacked. Now used Betacrypt 2, which is essentially Irdeto 2 with a modified algorithm for updating keys. Nagravision - Partially used European provider of satellite TV as well as Dish Network USA. Currently hacked. There Nagravision 2, partially broken. Participated in the development of the company Alladin (notorious for HASP-key). Dreamcrypt - some ISPs use "adult channels" with Hotbird 13E, view is possible with a special CI-module. In order to watch the channels in a coding system (CAS), the receiver must be set to the corresponding decoder - Conditional Access Module (Conditional Access Module). With the decoder can only watch channels in its coding system. That is, with Viaccess decoder you can not watch the channels encoded in Mediaguard. The decoder can be built into the receiver, then it can not be replaced. But, because the viewer may want to watch channels in other systems of coding standard was developed Common Interface (CI). CAM capabilities with a CI, is a device similar to that used in notebook computers PC-card (PCMCIA), which is inserted into the slot receiver. It should be noted that not all receivers have a slot Common Interface. Typically, this low-cost model to support a coding system like "Humax VA-FOX". There are options when the receiver has two built-in conditional access modules that support more than one system at the same time coding. Some channels are simultaneously in two or three coding systems (SimulCrypt). In this case, they can see if any decoder that works with one of the coding systems that are used in the transmission channel. To view encrypted channels except the receiver decoder must have more and card - an electronic key, the size of a credit card, which is inserted into the card slot Conditional Access Module. Official maps acquired from the broadcaster. Each card has a unique number. Company manages the subscription broadcaster with the information transmitted via satellite, along with sound and image. Access to a package of channels is worth the money, sometimes considerable. But money - not the only problem. It happens that the subscription itself is not very expensive, but in other countries to sign legally impossible - the sale is only to citizens of a particular country. (In this case it is necessary to subscribe through nominees). The fact is that buying a license to show the film, the company does charge for its run in the same country. If it is determined that the channel is looking at several countries, the rights holders will demand royalties for each of the host countries. And it is very expensive. You can find and unofficial "pirate" card emulates the official, who is a printed circuit board with a microcontroller, nonvolatile memory and pad. There are plastic versions: Goldcard, Silvercard, Funcard and others. Goldcard A very popular card. Is based on the Microchip PIC16F84 microcontroller and non-volatile memory 24LC16 size of 2 KB. After programming, using the appropriate emulation software, you can watch TV channels in one encoding. You can use up to 16 providers at a time, which is the maximum for a large number of digital satellite receivers. Industrial design "pirate" GoldWafer. Silvercard Is based on the Microchip PIC16F877 microcontroller and non-volatile memory 24LC64 8 KB. Older sister Goldcard, which gained its popularity due to the project Deep Space 9 (DS9). Using the appropriate firmware, allowing you to watch TV channels in multiple encodings (currently, up to 6), provided that they support the existing CAM satellite receiver. If you stay on any one system of coding, such as Viaccess, you can use up to 32 providers. Industrial design "pirate" Piccard II. Funcard Is based on the microcontroller Atmel AT90S8515A and non-volatile memory 24LC64 8 KB. After programming, using the appropriate firmware, allowing you to watch TV channels in multiple encodings (currently, up to 6), provided that they support the existing CAM satellite receiver. If you stay on any one system of coding, such as Viaccess, you can use up to 45 providers. Attractive by the fact that the programmer for this card has a lower price than the Goldcard and Silvercard. "Pirate" TV viewing is possible only under certain basic principles of coding data channels and the availability of keys, which are used to decrypt the data stream containing audio and video. Just because the results of cracking encryption systems like Irdeto, Mediaguard (SECA), Viaccess, Nagravision and Conax, as well as the necessary keys vyladyvayutsya for public access to the Internet, users are faced with difficulties, can watch the channels in these coding systems. When the crack becomes popular, broadcasters are changing card subscribers to new, more secure coding system. We should not forget that the "pirated" completely illegal and an infringement of copyright. In most Western countries, it is considered a serious offense. Despite the fact that there are illegal ways to get free access to encrypted channels, the channels, sooner or later there will be the need to encode their signals. Therefore participants television industry should be involved in the planning and preparation for this step.